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CNC Machine.md
356
CNC Machine.md
@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ When designing for CNC cutting:
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#### Debris Management
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The CNC machine includes a built-in vacuum system that removes debris generated during cutting. This ensures:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/debris.jpg" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/3apHw0wrSauGTP7yLf" width="480" height="269" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/3apHw0wrSauGTP7yLf"></a></p>
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- Cleaner work environment.
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- Improved visibility and safety.
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- Better cut accuracy and finish.
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@ -67,6 +74,18 @@ The CNC machine includes a built-in vacuum system that removes debris generated
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#### Importance of Dogbones
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/dogbone.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/dogbone2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/Or8eV6iyuXgA9vTCIR" width="270" height="480" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/Or8eV6iyuXgA9vTCIR"></a></p>
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<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/5jqEdWh3tQpRXeuB7w" width="480" height="269" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/5jqEdWh3tQpRXeuB7w"></a></p>
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Due to the round shape of the cutting tool, internal corners in wooden joints are not naturally square. Adding **dogbone fillets** to these corners allows parts to fit tightly and accurately in press-fit constructions.
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---
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@ -94,46 +113,18 @@ Two materials are commonly available:
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| MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard) | - Smooth surface<br>- Easy to machine<br>- Less durable |
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| Plywood | - Layered structure<br>- Stronger and more resilient<br>- Harder to cut cleanly |
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<style>
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/* Three image containers (use 33.33% for three images) */
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.column {
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float: left;
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width: 33.33%;
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padding: 5px;
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border: 1px solid black; /* Add black outline */
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}
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/* Responsive images */
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.column img {
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width: 100%;
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height: auto;
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}
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/* Image captions */
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.caption {
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font-size: 14px;
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text-align: center;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/mdf.jpeg" alt="Image 1">
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<p class="caption">MDF Wood</p>
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<body>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/mdf.jpeg" alt="Image 1">
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<p class="caption">MDF Wood</p>
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</div>
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/plywood.jpeg" alt="Image 2">
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<p class="caption">Plywood Wood</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/plywood.jpeg" alt="Image 2">
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<p class="caption">Plywood Wood</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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</body>
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Cutting tests were conducted using MDF, optimizing speed and feed rate for best results.
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@ -147,33 +138,6 @@ Machine calibration is required before each cutting job. For this CNC machine:
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- A metal plate and wire clip are used. Once the drill touches the plate, an electrical signal finalizes the zero position.
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- Regular checks are needed for worn parts and tool integrity.
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<style>
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/* Three image containers (use 33.33% for three images) */
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.column {
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float: left;
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width: 33.33%;
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padding: 5px;
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border: 1px solid black; /* Add black outline */
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}
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/* Responsive images */
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.column img {
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width: 100%;
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height: auto;
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}
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/* Image captions */
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.caption {
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font-size: 14px;
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text-align: center;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="column">
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@ -186,7 +150,6 @@ Machine calibration is required before each cutting job. For this CNC machine:
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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---
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@ -214,44 +177,18 @@ Choosing the right drill bit (end mill) is essential for clean, efficient cuts a
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- Smooth on both sides.
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- Ideal for plywood or double-sided finish materials.
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<style>
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/* Three image containers (use 33.33% for three images) */
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.column {
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float: left;
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width: 33.33%;
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padding: 5px;
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border: 1px solid black; /* Add black outline */
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}
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/* Responsive images */
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.column img {
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width: 100%;
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height: auto;
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}
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/* Image captions */
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.caption {
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font-size: 14px;
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text-align: center;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/drill.png" alt="Image 1">
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</div>
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/drill2.png" alt="Image 2">
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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<body>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/drill.png" alt="Image 1">
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<p class="caption">MDF Wood</p>
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</div>
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<div class="column">
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<img src="cnc-images/drill2.png" alt="Image 2">
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<p class="caption">Plywood Wood</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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---
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@ -276,6 +213,10 @@ Monitor chip formation and surface quality during tests to fine-tune settings.
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#### Tips to Reduce Material Waste
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/material.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- **Group Parts Efficiently:** Nest your parts close together in CAD to use the least amount of space. [20mm space]
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- **Use Off-Cuts:** Save and reuse unused areas of the sheet for future small projects or test cuts.
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- **Add Labels:** Include engraved labels to organize parts and reduce re-cuts.
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@ -292,13 +233,26 @@ This section outlines the full workflow for using the CNC machine, from preparat
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#### 1. Preparation
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<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/3apHw0wrSauGTP7yLf" width="480" height="269" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/3apHw0wrSauGTP7yLf"></a></p>
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- Remove debris and previous sheets using a vacuum.
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- Unscrew and clear the CNC bed.
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- Place the new sheet (MDF or Plywood).
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- Adjust the sheet if bent; curve should face up with the middle touching the base.
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- Fasten using screws ~30 mm from the edges and along the center.
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- Fasten using screws placed within 20 mm from the edges.
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- Use a minimum of 8 screws for secure attachment.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/screw.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/screw2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/sheet2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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---
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@ -308,10 +262,10 @@ This section outlines the full workflow for using the CNC machine, from preparat
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- Send the file to: `fablabbh.share@gmail.com`
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- Open the file in **VCarve PRO**.
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- Add a **30 mm offset** around the perimeter to avoid bolts.
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- Use **Dogbone Fillet** tool (match radius to tool size, e.g., 3 mm for 6 mm bit).
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/vcarve.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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---
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#### Assigning Cut/Pocket
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@ -324,34 +278,71 @@ Select the lines or shapes to define what will be cut or pocketed, then apply th
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- Cuts along the outer or inner edge of a part.
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- Defines the final shape by following the contour
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- Choose **Profile Toolpath**.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/cut.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Set:
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- **Start Depth:** 0 mm
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- **Cut Depth:** 13 mm (12 mm material + 1 mm into sacrificial sheet)
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- Specify Machine Vectors:
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- Select **Outside/Right** for vector machining to preserve size.
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- Select **Inside/Left** for cutting internal shapes or holes.
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- Select **On** for trimming directly along the vector line.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/cut2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Tool Settings (6 mm bit):
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- Spindle Speed: 8000 RPM
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- Feed Rate: 80 in/min
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- Plunge Rate: 15 in/min
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/cut3.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Specify the Number of Passes:
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- Press "Edit Passes"
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- Number of Passes: 2
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- First Pass Depth: 6.5mm
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- Second Pass Depth: 13mm
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- Specify Machine Vectors:
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- Select **Outside/Right** for vector machining to preserve size.
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- Select **Inside/Left** for cutting internal shapes or holes.
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- Select **On** for trimming directly along the vector line.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/pass.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Click **Calculate**, then read the warnings, if it is within your expectations click **OK** to confirm.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/calculate.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/warning.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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---
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#### 4. Toolpaths: Pocket
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- Used to hollow out an internal region.
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- Useful for engravings or fitting one piece into another.
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- Choose **Pocket Toolpath**.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/pocket.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Set:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/pocket2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- **Start Depth:** 0.0 mm
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- **Cut Depth:** 2.0 mm
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- You can specify this value for engraving operations to achieve precise and consistent depth.
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- Recheck "Tool" Parameters:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/pocket3.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Press "Edit":
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- Geometry:
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- Diameter: 6mm
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@ -365,6 +356,16 @@ Select the lines or shapes to define what will be cut or pocketed, then apply th
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- Tool Number: 1
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- Press "OK"
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#### Dogbone Fillet
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<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/Or8eV6iyuXgA9vTCIR" width="270" height="480" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/Or8eV6iyuXgA9vTCIR"></a></p>
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- Apply Dogbone Fillet to all internal corners used as joints
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- Match radius to tool size (e.g., 3 mm radius for 6 mm bit)
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- Allows square parts to fit snugly despite round tool paths
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- Ensures clean, accurate assembly in CNC-milled joints
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#### 5. Tabs
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- Small, uncut sections to keep parts attached to the sheet.
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- Prevents shifting or flying parts.
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@ -375,39 +376,136 @@ Select the lines or shapes to define what will be cut or pocketed, then apply th
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---
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#### 6. Preview Toolpaths
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- Click on **Preview Toolpaths**.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- In the drop-down, select **Preview Visible Toolpaths**.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Go to the **3D View** tab.
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- Click:
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- **Reset Preview**
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- **Preview Visible Toolpaths**
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- If the toolpath appears erratic, the design may be **too small for the selected drill bit**.
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- Fix it by:
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- Returning to the **project tab**
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- Resizing the design (drag from its edge)
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- Or adjusting in your design software and re-exporting
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- In the **Toolpath List**:
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- Double-click **"Pocket 1"**
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- Click **Calculate**
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- Repeat the adjustment if the toolpath still behaves erratically.
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- Click on **Toolpaths** in the top-right corner.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview3.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Then do the following:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview4.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Manually lower the **Speed** setting.
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- Select **Reset Preview**.
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- In the **Toolpath List**, select the part to inspect.
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- Select **Preview Visible Toolpaths**.
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- If the toolpath preview appears erratic, the design may be *too small for the selected drill bit*.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/example.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center"><em>Example</em></p>
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- To fix this:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview5.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Return to the **Project** tab.
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- Resize the design by dragging from its edge.
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- Or adjust the design in your original software and re-export it.
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- Back in the **Toolpath List**:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview6.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Double-click the part to re-inspect.
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- Scroll down and click **Calculate**.
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- If the toolpath still appears irregular, repeat the adjustment steps above.
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#### 7. Changing the Drill Bit
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- For a better understanding, watch the first video on this page starting at 14:40.
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- Turn off the CNC machine using the key (located at the bottom right) and remove it.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview7.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Use two wrenches to loosen the collet assembly.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview8.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Hold both wrenches in one hand to stabilize, and twist the lower wrench to loosen the collet nut.
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- Remove the collet and clean both the collet and nut for a secure fit.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/preview9.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Reinsert the collet into its housing.
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- Insert the new drill bit, leaving ~20 mm (or two fingers) exposed for cutting clearance.
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- Tighten the collet assembly firmly using both wrenches.
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- Reinsert the key, power on the machine, and re-calibrate the Z-axis.
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#### 8. ShopBot 3 Setup
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- After checking that every toolpath is using Tool 1, Click **Save**.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/save.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Click **Save Toolpath(s) to File** -> save it as **all**
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/save2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Open **ShopBot 3** software.
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- Load the toolpath file (.sbp).
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- Move the drill head to desired origin (corner of the sheet).
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/1.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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- Clip the wire to the collet nut or the spindle body of the CNC machine.
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- Place the **metal calibration plate** on the surface of the sheet.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="cnc-images/2.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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||||
<img src="cnc-images/3.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Run the **Z-zeroing command** (machine lowers bit to touch the plate).
|
||||
|
||||
<p align="center">
|
||||
<img src="cnc-images/4.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
- A warning will pop-up, and press **OK**.
|
||||
|
||||
<p align="center">
|
||||
<img src="cnc-images/ok.png" style="border: 2px solid black;" />
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
- System detects contact and sets Z = 0.
|
||||
|
||||
<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/hiA4oUAEYvE0RDByUW" width="480" height="269" style="" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/hiA4oUAEYvE0RDByUW"></a></p>
|
||||
|
||||
- After calibration, remove the clip and plate, then return them to their original location with the clip still attached to the plate. This ensures smooth CNC operation.
|
||||
|
||||
- Then, move the drill head to desired origin (corner of the sheet).
|
||||
- Set:
|
||||
- **X = 0**
|
||||
- **Y = 0**
|
||||
- Run Z-axis calibration.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user