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doc/scoring engine.md
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# 🎯 Taekwondo Scoring System – Scoring Engine Guide
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> **Version:** 1.0
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> **Last Updated:** July 2025
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> **Target Developer:** .NET Android (MAUI/Xamarin) Developer
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> **Purpose:** Detailed specification of the **Scoring Engine** — the logic that validates, awards, and logs points in real-time
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---
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## 📌 Table of Contents
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- [1. Overview](#1-overview)
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- [2. World Taekwondo (WT) Scoring Rules](#2-world-taekwondo-wt-scoring-rules)
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- [3. Inputs to the Scoring Engine](#3-inputs-to-the-scoring-engine)
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- [4. Point Validation Logic](#4-point-validation-logic)
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- [5. Timing & Synchronization](#5-timing--synchronization)
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- [6. Spinning Kick Detection](#6-spinning-kick-detection)
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- [7. Gam-jeom (Penalty) Handling](#7-gam-jeom-penalty-handling)
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- [8. Manual Override (Emergency Mode)](#8-manual-override-emergency-mode)
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- [9. Score Fusion & Conflict Resolution](#9-score-fusion--conflict-resolution)
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- [10. C# Scoring Engine Implementation](#10-c-scoring-engine-implementation)
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- [11. Integration with Display System](#11-integration-with-display-system)
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- [12. Best Practices](#12-best-practices)
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---
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## 1. Overview
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The **Scoring Engine** is the **core logic module** that decides **when a point is awarded**.
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It runs on the **Android tablet (score control unit)** and:
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- Receives impact data from **ESP32 sensors**
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- Receives votes from **corner referee joysticks**
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- Applies **WT rules**
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- Validates timing and technique
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- Awards points automatically
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- Logs all events
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> ❗ **No automatic scoring** — even with sensors, **referee validation is required**.
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---
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## 2. World Taekwondo (WT) Scoring Rules
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| Technique | Points |
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|---------|--------|
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| Kick to trunk (hogu) | 1 |
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| Kick to head | 3 |
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| Spinning kick to trunk | 4 |
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| Spinning kick to head | 5 |
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| Punch to trunk | 1 *(rare)* |
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| Gam-jeom (penalty) on opponent | +1 to opponent |
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### ✅ Conditions for a Valid Point
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- Impact must be **legal** (correct surface, no grabbing)
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- Force must exceed **threshold**
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- **At least 3 out of 4 corner referees** must press within **1 second**
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- For spinning kicks: **rotation > 180°** confirmed by MPU6050
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- No manual input from center referee
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---
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## 3. Inputs to the Scoring Engine
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The engine receives two types of input:
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### 📥 1. Sensor Data (from ESP32)
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```json
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{
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"type": "impact",
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"device": "head_blue",
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"force": 900,
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"spinning": true,
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"time": 1712345678901
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}
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```
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### 📥 2. Referee Votes (from ESP32 Joysticks)
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```json
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{
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"type": "button",
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"device": "corner_2",
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"pressed": true,
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"time": 1712345678905
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}
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```
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> All timestamps use `DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks` or `Environment.TickCount`.
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---
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## 4. Point Validation Logic
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The engine checks for **valid scoring events** by correlating **sensor impact** with **referee votes**.
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### ✅ Valid Point Conditions
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| Technique | Required Votes | Notes |
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|---------|----------------|-------|
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| Trunk Kick | ≥3 corner refs | Within 1 sec of impact |
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| Head Kick | ≥3 corner refs | Same |
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| Spinning Kick | ≥3 votes + `spinning:true` | Award 4 or 5 pts |
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| Punch | ≥3 votes + force > threshold | Rarely scored |
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### 🔄 Validation Flow
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```text
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1. Sensor detects impact → record time T
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2. Wait 1 second for referee votes
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3. Count votes within [T-100ms, T+1000ms]
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4. If ≥3 votes → award points
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5. Broadcast to scoreboard
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```
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> ✅ Use a **sliding window** to handle timing jitter.
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---
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## 5. Timing & Synchronization
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### ⏱️ Timing Window
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- Referee button presses must occur within **±1 second** of impact
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- Use **UTC ticks** for precision:
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```csharp
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long now = DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks;
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```
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### 🕒 Window Logic
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```csharp
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bool IsInWindow(long impactTime, long voteTime)
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{
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long windowStart = impactTime - TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond / 10; // -100ms (early press)
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long windowEnd = impactTime + TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond; // +1000ms
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return voteTime >= windowStart && voteTime <= windowEnd;
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}
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```
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### 🔄 Debouncing
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- Ignore repeated impacts from same sensor within **500ms**
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- Prevents double-counting
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```csharp
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if (lastImpactTime[device] + 5000000 > now) // 500ms in ticks
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return; // Too soon
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```
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---
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## 6. Spinning Kick Detection
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Spinning kicks require **rotation > 180°** detected by **MPU6050**.
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### 📊 Sensor Data
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```json
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{"type":"impact","device":"head_red","force":850,"spinning":true,"time":...}
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```
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### 🧠 Detection Logic (on ESP32)
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- Use **gyroscope (Z-axis)** to measure rotation
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- If **angular change > 180°** during kick → set `spinning: true`
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> The **tablet scoring engine** trusts this flag — no re-calculation.
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---
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## 7. Gam-jeom (Penalty) Handling
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Penalties are **manually awarded** by the scorekeeper.
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### ✅ Rules
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- 10 Gam-jeoms = 1 point to opponent
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- But in practice, **each Gam-jeom adds 1 point immediately**
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### 🖥️ UI
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- Button: `Gam-jeom (Red)` or `Gam-jeom (Blue)`
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- On tap:
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```csharp
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AddPenalty("red"); // Adds 1 to blue's score
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BroadcastScoreUpdate();
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```
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### 📡 JSON Event
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```json
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{
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"type": "penalty",
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"player": "red",
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"reason": "Grabbing",
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"time": 1712345679000
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}
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```
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---
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## 8. Manual Override (Emergency Mode)
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For system failures, the scorekeeper can **manually award points**.
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### 🔐 Access
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- Hidden button (e.g., long-press "Settings")
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- Requires PIN (optional)
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### 🎯 Manual Actions
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| Button | Effect |
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|-------|--------|
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| `+1` | Add 1 to red or blue |
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| `+3` | Add 3 (head kick) |
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| `+5` | Add 5 (spinning head kick) |
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| `Undo Last` | Revert last point |
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> Use sparingly — logs all manual actions.
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---
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## 9. Score Fusion & Conflict Resolution
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### 🔄 Fusion Logic
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The engine **fuses sensor data and referee votes** into a single event.
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```csharp
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public class ImpactEvent
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{
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public string Device { get; set; } // head_red, hogu_blue
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public long Time { get; set; }
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public int Force { get; set; }
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public bool Spinning { get; set; }
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public List<string> Voters { get; set; } // corner_1, corner_3
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}
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void ProcessImpact(ImpactEvent impact)
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{
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var validVotes = GetVotesInRange(impact.Time);
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if (validVotes.Count >= 3)
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{
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AwardPoints(impact, validVotes);
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}
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}
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```
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### 🛑 Conflict Resolution
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| Scenario | Action |
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|--------|--------|
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| 2 votes only | No point |
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| 3+ votes but wrong target | No point |
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| Force too low | Ignore |
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| Duplicate impact | Debounce (500ms) |
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---
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## 10. C# Scoring Engine Implementation
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```csharp
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public class ScoringEngine
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{
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private Dictionary<string, long> _lastImpactTime = new();
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private List<ImpactData> _impacts = new();
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private List<RefereeVote> _votes = new();
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private int _redScore = 0, _blueScore = 0;
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private int _redFouls = 0, _blueFouls = 0;
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public void AddImpact(string device, int force, bool spinning, long time)
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{
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// Debounce
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if (_lastImpactTime.ContainsKey(device) &&
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time - _lastImpactTime[device] < 5000000) // 500ms
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return;
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_lastImpactTime[device] = time;
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_impacts.Add(new ImpactData { Device = device, Force = force, Spinning = spinning, Time = time });
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CheckForValidPoint(device, force, spinning, time);
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}
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public void AddRefereeVote(string corner, long time)
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{
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_votes.Add(new RefereeVote { Corner = corner, Time = time });
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}
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private void CheckForValidPoint(string device, int force, bool spinning, long impactTime)
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{
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// Force threshold
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if ((device.Contains("hogu") && force < 500) ||
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(device.Contains("head") && force < 400)) return;
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// Get votes within ±1 sec
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var votes = _votes
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.Where(v => IsInWindow(impactTime, v.Time))
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.Select(v => v.Corner)
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.ToList();
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if (votes.Count < 3) return;
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// Determine attacker
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string attacker = device.Contains("_red") ? "red" : "blue";
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int points = CalculatePoints(device, spinning);
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// Award
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if (attacker == "red") _redScore += points;
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else _blueScore += points;
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// Log and broadcast
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LogEvent($"✅ +{points} to {attacker} (Voters: {string.Join(",", votes)})");
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BroadcastScoreUpdate();
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}
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private int CalculatePoints(string device, bool spinning)
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{
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if (device.Contains("head"))
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return spinning ? 5 : 3;
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else
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return spinning ? 4 : 1;
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}
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private bool IsInWindow(long impactTime, long voteTime)
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{
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long start = impactTime - 100000; // -100ms
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long end = impactTime + 10000000; // +1000ms
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return voteTime >= start && voteTime <= end;
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}
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public void AddPenalty(string player)
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{
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if (player == "red") _blueScore++;
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else _redScore++;
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BroadcastScoreUpdate();
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}
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private void BroadcastScoreUpdate()
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{
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var json = new {
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mode = "score",
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red = new { score = _redScore, fouls = _redFouls },
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blue = new { score = _blueScore, fouls = _blueFouls },
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timer = GetCurrentTime()
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};
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// Send to Android TV via TCP
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}
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private void LogEvent(string message)
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{
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// Write to event log
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}
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}
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// Data Classes
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public class ImpactData { public string Device; public int Force; public bool Spinning; public long Time; }
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public class RefereeVote { public string Corner; public long Time; }
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```
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---
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## 11. Integration with Display System
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The scoring engine **broadcasts updates** to the **Android TV scoreboard**.
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### 📡 Message Format (TCP to Port 5001)
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```json
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{
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"mode": "score",
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"red": { "score": 8, "fouls": 1 },
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"blue": { "score": 5, "fouls": 2 },
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"timer": "01:45",
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"last_point": "Head Kick +3"
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}
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```
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### 🔄 Trigger Events
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- Point awarded
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- Penalty given
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- Round change
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- Match start/end
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---
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## 12. Best Practices
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| Practice | Why |
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|--------|-----|
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| Use `DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks` | High precision, no timezone issues |
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| Debounce sensor inputs | Prevent double-counting |
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| Log all events | Debugging and auditing |
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| Validate force thresholds | Prevent false positives |
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| Require 3/4 referee votes | WT compliance |
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| Keep manual override limited | Prevent abuse |
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| Broadcast immediately | Real-time display |
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---
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🎯 **This is a complete, production-ready Scoring Engine specification.**
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You now have everything to build a **fair, accurate, and tournament-compliant** scoring system.
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📬 For help: Contact project lead.
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```
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---
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### ✅ How to Use
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1. Save as `SCORING_ENGINE.md`
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2. Place in `/docs` folder
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3. Commit to GitHub
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---
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Let me know if you want:
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- A **state diagram** of the scoring flow
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- A **unit test suite** for the engine
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- A **real-time event log UI**
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- A **penalty reason selector**
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You're now building the **brain of the system** — the **Scoring Engine** that makes it all work. 🏆
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